In our citation examples, we use the following color coding:
- Red – Author
- Blue – Title of book/article/charter/webpage
- Pink – Date
- Orange – Website/Publisher
- Turquoise – Place of publication
- Violet – Editor/Translator
- Sienna – Pages
- Gray – URL/database/website where the source is retrieved
- Gold – Book, a part/chapter of which is being cited
- Peach – Additional information about the source (i.e. its type, specific features etc.)
Conference proceedings
You can cite conference proceedings entirely or cite a particular conference paper. If you opt for the former, make sure to include information on the conference itself and the editor of the proceedings.
Example:
35. Neta G, Chambers DA, Simpson L, editors. Proceedings from the 12th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation; 2020 Dec 4-6; Arlington University, Arlington, the USA. Arlington (VA): Arlington Publishing; c2020. 112 p.
Note: the name of the conference, with its original capitalization and superscripts, appears on the reference page as indicated in the proceedings.
Note: the date of access (year preceded by the letter “c”) needs to be indicated in case the proceedings are accessed from an electronic source.
Conference paper
Example:
36. Jennings GLR. Approaches to the management of resistant hypertension. In: Castillo RR, Abarquez RF, Aquino AV, Sy RG, Gomez LA, Divinagracia RA, et al. editors. 20th Asia Pacific congress of hypertension—APCH 2024; 2024 Feb 11-15; Cebu City (Philippines): Monduzzi Editore, International Proceedings Division; c2024. p. 4-21.
Report
Reports are cited as books, both in electronic and print forms. Reports might have additional information about them, such as the number of a report, but it can be omitted from the reference page entry.
Example:
37. Health Canada. The final report of the task force on cannabis legalization and regulation. Ottawa: Health Canada; 2024. 104 p.
Report accessed on the Internet
Example:
38. Lourey C. The 2012 national report card on mental health and suicide prevention [Internet]. National Mental Health Commission [cited 2024 Jun 12]. 12 p. Available from: http://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/media/39273/NMHC_ReportCard_Lo-res.pdf
Report on the Internet with no identified author
Example:
39. Australian influenza surveillance report [Internet]. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing; 2022 [cited 2024 Jun 2]. Report No.: 12. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-ozflu-no12-11.htm
Report: more than one publisher
If a report is published by more than one organization, avoid listing more than one organization in the publisher part of a reference page entry. Instead, put the name of just one organization (the one that is listed first in your source) in that part and write a note at the end of the entry to indicate the other publisher.
Example:
40. Essentially yours: the protection of human genetic information in Australia [Internet]. Sydney: Australian Law Reform Commission; 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 12]. Report No.: ALCR 96. Available from: http://www.alrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/publications/ALRC96_vol1.pdf. Joint publication of the National Health and Medical Research Council Australia.
Note: this example indicates the report number. It is not necessary but preferable if this number is written in your source.
Lecture notes and course materials
If you want to cite materials that you have accessed during lectures or lessons, you should indicate the source by providing the author’s name (for example, that of your professor’s), the subject/topic of the lecture or materials, and the date when the information was delivered or accessed.
Example:
41. Brown T. Theater procedures [lecture notes]. Newcastle: Northumbria University; DE816: BSc Design; 2021 Feb. 4 [cited 2024 Mar 19]. Available from: https://sts.northumbria.ac.uk/
Note: always consult your instructor on the use of such sources. Unpublished lecture notes and course materials fall into the personal communication category of sources, the use of which may be somewhat questionable.
Thesis or dissertation
Some dissertations are published in the print form, and they can be cited as books. For other cases, see the example below.
Example:
42. Della Porta MD. Enhancing the effects of happiness-boosting activities: the role of autonomy support in an experimental longitudinal intervention [dissertation]. [Riverside (US)]: University of California; 2022. 245 p.
Note: the type of work, such as a dissertation or a thesis, is in square brackets after the work’s title.
Note: after this, indicate the place of publication, which is the location of the university where the thesis or dissertation was defended. Do not forget to include a country code (see the list of ISO country codes here).
Fact sheet
Fact sheets are a common format of publications in medicine and healthcare, which is why they belong to a separate category of sources in citing.
Example:
43. Children: reducing mortality. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. 117 p.
Note: as the place of publication, you can use the headquarters’ location of the organization that composed a fact sheet.
Fact sheet accessed on the Internet
Example:
44. Chikungunya virus fact sheet [Internet]. Canberra: The Department of Health; 2024 Jun 12 [cited 2024 Jun 14]. [about 3 screens]. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-chikungunya-fact-sheet.htm