In our citation examples we use the following color coding:
- Red – Author
- Blue – Title of book/article/charter/webpage
- Pink – Date
- Orange – Website/Publisher
- Turquoise – Place of publication
- Violet – Editor/Translator
- Sienna – Pages
- Gray – URL/database/website where the source is retrieved
- Gold – Book, a part/chapter of which is being cited
- Peach – Additional information about the source (i.e. its type, specific features etc.)
Conference proceedings
You can cite conference proceedings entirely or cite a particular conference paper. If you opt for the former, make sure to include information on the conference itself and the editor of the proceedings.
Example:
Note: the name of the conference, with its original capitalization and superscripts, appears on the reference page as indicated in the proceedings.
Note: the date of access (year proceeded by the letter “c”) needs to be indicated in case the proceedings are accessed from an electronic source.
Conference paper
Example:
Report
Reports are cited as books, both in electronic and print forms. Reports might have additional information about them, such as the number of a report, but it can be omitted from the reference page entry.
Example:
Report accessed on the Internet
Example:
Report on the Internet with no identified author
Example:
Report: more than one publisher
If a report is published by more than one organization, avoid listing more than one organization in the publisher part of a reference page entry. Instead, put the name of just one organization (the one that is listed first in your source) in that part and write a note at the end of the entry to indicate other publisher.
Example:
Note: this example indicates the report number. It is not necessary but preferable if this number is written in your source.
Lecture notes and course materials
If you want to cite unpublished materials that you have accessed during lectures or lessons, you should indicate the source by providing the author’s name (for example, that of your professor’s), the subject of the lecture or materials, and the date when the information was delivered or accessed.
Example:
Note: always consult your instructor on the use of such sources. Unpublished lecture notes and course materials fall into the personal communication category of sources, the use of which may be somewhat questionable.
Thesis or dissertation
Some dissertations are published in the print form, and they can be cited as books. For other cases, see the example below.
Example:
Note: the type of work, such as doctoral thesis, dissertation, or master’s thesis, is in square brackets after the work’s name.
Note: after this, indicate the place of publication, which is the location of the university where the thesis or dissertation was defended. Do not forget to include a country code (see the list of ISO country codes here).
Fact sheet
Fact sheets are a common format of publications in medicine and healthcare, which is why they belong to a separate category of sources in citing.
Example:
Note: as the place of publication, you can use the headquarters’ location of the organization that composed a fact sheet.
Fact sheet accessed on the Internet
Example: