Many people do not see a difference between the Chicago style citation and the Turabian one.
That’s why, the question is why to focus on Turabian?
Although this style is also divided in two systems, like Chicago, (“notes-bibliography” and “author-date”), it is more interesting to students.
Many years ago, Kate L.Turabian developed her manual for writing college papers and dissertations to reconsider a complex Chicago style and provide a more easy to use guide for students.
Knowing the key principles of citing sources with the help of the Turabian style, you will not have problems with footnotes and bibliographies anymore.
Refer to the examples provided by our editors and create your own effective bibliography for a high-level paper.
General information
- Add a full list of sources (“Bibliography”) cited in the paper to its end.
- When quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing materials from one’s source, add a footnote and a corresponding bibliographical entry.
- The first note usually includes all the information related to the source.
- Subsequent notes should be shortened (author’s last name, shortened title, cited pages): e.g., Jones, Principles of Management, 12-23.
- Another subsequent note on the same page should include an author’s name and a source page number: e.g., Jones, 24-25.
General Format
- Margins are set as 1” (2.54 cm).
- Font is usually Times New Roman or Arial, 12 pt.
- Text of the paper is double-spaced, but single spacing is used to format block quotations, captions, footnotes, and bibliography.
- While formatting bibliographical entries, it is necessary to add an extra space before and after the entry.
Title Page
- The title of the paper is usually written in bold and set in the center of the page.
- Write one more line after a colon if the paper title includes a subtitle.
- The student’s name, course information, and date are provided below (in several lines).
- No page numbers.
- The page should be double-spaced.
Footnotes
- Footnotes should always be located on the page to which they refer.
- They appear at the bottom (footer) part of a page.
- Footnotes should be single-spaced and separated by an additional line space.
- Footnote numbers should be mentioned in a regular text font with a period and space after. Still, Turabian also allows the use of superscript numbers with a space after (without a period).
- Footnotes are indented (left margin). Succeeding lines of text should be formatted flush left.
Bibliography Page
- The reference page is labeled “Bibliography”.
- Add two blank lines between the heading “Bibliography” and the following bibliographical entry.
- Bibliographical entries are single-spaced.
- Entries are indented.
- Entries are arranged alphabetically.
- Add an extra space before and after each entry.
