In our citation examples, we use the following color coding:
- Red – Author
- Blue – Title of book/article/charter/webpage
- Pink – Date
- Orange – Website/Publisher
- Gray – URL/database/website where the source is retrieved
- Peach – Additional information about the source (i.e. its type, specific features etc.)
Electronic book
Example:
List entry: Agarwal A et al, editors. 2022. Oxford handbook of clinical surgery. 5th ed. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198799481.001.0001
In-text: (Agarwal et al 2022).
Webpage
Example:
List entry: Health equity considerations and racial and ethnic minority groups. 2020 Apr 30. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; [updated 2022 Jan 25]. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/race-ethnicity.html
In-text: (Health equity…2020).
Webpage with Personal Author
Example:
List entry: Ratini M. 2023 Jan 4. Health risks linked to obesity. WebMD; [updated 2023 Jan 25]. https://www.webmd.com/obesity/obesity-health-risks
In-text: (Ratini 2023).
Webpage with corporate authors
Example:
List entry: [CDC] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Health principles. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; [updated 2024 Apr 24]. https://www.cdc.gov/
In-text: (CDC 2024).
Image from the Internet with author
Example:
List entry: Cleveland Clinic. 2022. Obesity: effects on the body [image]. Cleveland Clinic Organization; [updated 2022 Jun 13]. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/11209-obesity
In-text: (Cleveland Clinic 2022).
Image from the Internet with no author
Example:
List entry: Obesity: effects on the body [image]. 2022. Cleveland Clinic Organization; [updated 2022 Jun 13]. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/11209-obesity
In-text: (Obesity…2022).
YouTube Video
Mention as much information as possible (including the author, the date when the video or recording was uploaded, duration, and the date when it was accessed). It is essential to provide the updated link to the video since they tend to become invalid or expire.
Example:
List entry: Accounting basics for small business owners [YouTube video]. 2021 Mar 23. Bench Accounting. YouTube. 13:13 min. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqkdCM47hpg
In-text: (Accounting basics… 2021).
Blog
Example:
List entry: Jones N. 2023 Apr 15. How to write better essays [blog]. Oxford Royale Academy; [accessed 2023 Oct 11].
https://www.oxford-royale.co.uk/articles/tips-techniques-essay-writer.html
In-text: (Jones 2023).
Podcast
Example:
List entry: Clemente J. 2023. Episode 43 – a forensic and behavioral analysis of Rudy Guede’s interview. [podcast]. Soundcloud; [updated 2023 Jan 16]. https://soundcloud.com/real-crime-profile
In-text: (Clemente 2023).