In our citation examples, we use the following color coding:
- Red – Author
- Blue – Title of book/article/charter/webpage
- Pink – Date
- Orange – Website/Publisher
- Violet – Editor/Translator
- Gray – URL/database/website where the source is retrieved
- Gold – Book, a part/chapter of which is being cited
- Peach – Additional information about the source (i.e. its type, specific features etc.)
Film
Example:
List entry: Hancock JL, director. 2021. The little things. Warner Bros. Pictures.
In-text: (Hancock 2021).
Government publications
Example:
List entry: United Nations Department of Economic. 2021. World social report 2021: Reconsidering rural development. UN Press.
In-text: (United Nations Department of Economic 2021).
Dissertation/Thesis
Example:
List entry: Liang S. 2020. Transport properties of topological semimetals and non-symmorphic topological insulator [dissertation]. Princeton University. https://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01vm40xv52n
In-text: (Liang 2020).
Conference presentation
Example:
List entry: James R. 2020 Strategy for protected areas. In: Bondrup-Nielsen S, Beazley K, editors. Ecosystem based management. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Science and the Management of Protected Areas; 2020 May 21-23; Wolfville, NS. Science and Management of Protected Areas Association. p 503a-503e.
In-text: (James 2020).
Published conference paper
Example:
List entry: Shafiev T. 2024. Development of a mathematical model and an efficient computational algorithm for predicting atmospheric pollution in industrial regions. AIP Conference Proceedings. 3004(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0199817
In-text: (Shafiev 2024).
Map
Example:
List entry: Montrose Point Bird Sanctuary, Chicago, Illinois. [date unknown]. Google Maps; [accessed 2022 Jan 3]. https://goo.gl/maps/GJALYGBXFZ8TSGK5A
In-text: (Montrose Point . . . [date unknown]).
Technical reports
Example:
List entry: Barman S. 2024. End-user records. University of California, Berkeley. Report No.: UCB/EECS-2015-266.
In-text: (Barman 2024).
Personal documents (personal communication, e-mails)
Personal communication/documentation is not included in the reference list but as in-text citation only.
Example:
In-text: (2022 email message from KJ Smith to the author; unreferenced).
Laboratory report
Example:
List entry: Watson L. 2022. Introductory organic chemistry [lab manual]. Dalhousie University. Department of Chemistry. CHEM 2402. Experiment 11; p 71-84.
In-text: (Watson 2022).
Patent
Example:
List entry: Johnson J, inventor. 2024 May 25. Screw-less mounted retractable shelves. United States patent US 7,998,550.
In-text: (Johnson 2024).
Religious text
Example:
List entry: Torah. 2024. Chabad.
In-text: (Torah 2024).
Court case
Example:
List entry: People of the State of California v. Orenthal James Simpson. 1995.
In-text: People vs OJ Simpson was a notorious case that involved…… (1995).