General format:
In all the categories, authors’ last names are followed by first and middle initials.
In our citation examples, we use the following color coding:
- Red – Author
- Blue – Title of book/article/charter/webpage
- Pink – Date
- Orange – Website/Publisher
- Violet – Editor/Translator
- Black – Volume/Issue
- Sienna – Pages
- Gold – Book, a part/chapter of which is being cited
- Peach – Additional information about the source (i.e. its type, specific features etc.)
- Light magenta – Title of the figure
Single author
Example:
List entry: Turner P. 2022. Forecasting and planning in management. CIPD Publishing.
In-text: According to research, “taking a strategic view across the organization is essential” (Turner 2022, p. 56). OR According to Turner (2022, p. 56), “taking a strategic view across the organization is essential.”
Two authors
Example:
List entry: Barbara K, Yarnall J. 2022. The role of a business partner. Routledge.
In-text: (Barbara and Yarnall 2022).
Three or more authors
Example:
List entry: Becker BE, Ulrich D, Huselid MA. 2023. Linking people, strategy, and performance in management. Harvard Business Press.
In-text: (Becker et al 2023).
Unknown author
Example:
List entry: Fresh perspectives: human resource management. 2024. Pearson South Africa.
In-text: (Fresh perspectives…2024).
Multiple works by the same author
List the works by the same author in chronological order, starting with older items first.
Example:
List entry:
Turner P. 2022. Forecasting and planning in management. CIPD Publishing.
Turner P. 2023. To become a good human resource manager. CIPD Publishing.
In-text: (Turner 2022); (Turner 2023).
Corporate/Organization author
First, include the abbreviation and then the full name of the organization, if available. E.g. [AACN] American Association of Critical-Care Nurses…
Example:
List entry: [FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2022. Crops and livestock products. FAO Publishing.
In-text: (FAO 2022).
Author with an editor
Mentioning the editors is not essential when the primary author(s) is mentioned.
Example:
List entry: Austen J. 2021. Sense and sensibility. Johnson C, editor. Norton.
In-text: (Austen 2021).
Editor with no Author
It is essential to mention the editor(s) when the primary author(s) is not stated.
Example:
List entry: Simons R, editor. 2021. Human resource management: issues, challenges and opportunities. CRC Press.
In-text: (Simons 2021).
Edition other than first
Example:
List entry: Mathis RL, Jackson JH, Valentine SR, Meglich P. 2024. Principles of human resource management. 15th ed. Cengage.
In-text: (Mathis et al. 2024).
Multivolume work
Example:
List entry: Rabinovich AB, Fritz HM, Tanioka Y, Geist EL, editors. 2024. Global tsunami science: past and future. Vol. 3. Birkhäuser.
In-text: (Rabinovich et al 2024).
Encyclopedia
Example:
List entry: Murray R, editor. 2023. Banjul charter. In: Encyclopedia of human rights. Vol 1. Oxford University Press. p 12-19.
In-text: (Murray 2023).
Dictionary entry
Example:
List entry: McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms. 2022. McGraw Hill. Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra); p 365.
In-text: (McGraw-Hill dictionary…2022).
Chapter in an edited book
Example:
List entry: Geisslitz S, Scherf K. 2021. The holy grail of ancient cereals. In: Boukid F, editor. Cereal-based foodstuffs: the backbone of Mediterranean cuisine. Springer. p 269–301.
In-text: (Geisslitz and Scherf 2021).
Chapter in an edited book (same author)
Example:
List entry: Janes G, Delves-Yates C. 2022. Quality improvement in nursing. SAGE. Chapter 11, Leading change and working with others; p 67-94.
In-text: (Janes and Delves-Yates…2022).
Foreword, introduction, preface, or afterword
Example:
List entry: Lucio MM, MacKenzie R. 2022. International human resource management: the transformation of work in a global context. Vol. 1. SAGE. Preface; p xiv-xv.
In-text: (Lucio and MacKenzie 2022).
Picture or a figure from a book
Example:
List entry: Holtz A, Levi R. 2024. Spinal cord injury. Oxford University Press. Figure 1.1, Hippocratic traction device; p 4.
In-text: (Holtz and Levi 2024).
Secondary citation
It is not advisable to cite a work or document cited by your source. Therefore, it is recommended to find the original writing and reference it accordingly since secondary citing can be considered unreliable in the academic type of paper. If the citation of an indirect source is required, use the following example for an in-text citation:
(Rawls 1971, cited in Smith 2023).
Forthcoming/unpublished book
Example:
List entry: Thomas H. Forthcoming 2025. Becoming a pro in working with businesses. Johns Hopkins University Press.
In-text: (Thomas forthcoming 2025).